“Sangkum Reastr Niyum Regime”, The Best Achievement of King NORODOM Shihanouk in the Early Era of Independence (1953-1970)

Central Market in Phnom Penh

Chaktomuk Halll

Olympic Village Housing, completed in 1964 by Architect VANN Moly Vann

After the campaign for full independence in the early 1950s was done successfully, King NORODOM Shihanouk became the hero for Khmer Nation’s independence and development. Since countrymen needed him to develop the country, King NORODOM Shihanouk gave up his throne to his king parents, King NORODOM Suramarith and Queen SISOWATH Kosomak Nearyrath Serey Wathana in 1955. Then he got involves in the development progress in Cambodia after that. He inaugurated the new era, “Sangkum Reastr Niyum Regime”, for his people to enjoy their life and to believe strongly within her nation.

Khmer people during that time were so happy to live and work together with the same vision towards the development of Cambodia. All citizens were respectful with each other and followed their traditional and cultural value very well; they loved Khmer movies, ancient Khmer dancing, Khmer songs, Khmer music, Khmer silk, Khmer style cloth, Khmer poem, Ayai, Yike, Lakhorn Sbek Thom & Toch, Lakhorn Sromorl, Lakhorn Bassac, Lakhorn Niyeay, and so on. They also practiced the rule for good life by learning Khmer Literature & ancient Khmer rule from previous era, obeying the law of the country, respecting the value of person, celebrating the traditional ceremony, and warmly welcoming the guest from foreign country. According to some Japanese who used to live in Cambodia in Sangkum Reastr Niyum era said that Khmer people were very polite and so friendly to them and had very good standard in living. Certainly, under the rule of King Shihanouk, people were encouraged to keep practicing their tradition and culture; not only Khmer people but other ethnic groups living in Cambodia. This kind of leadership should be learned and used by some leaders in other countries that are so bad to ethnic groups’ tradition & culture and only care about their own culture & influence on those ethnic groups. The special event of Khmer solidarity in that era was the success in International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 1962 under the leadership King Shihanouk protecting the ownership of Cambodia over ancient Khmer Temple on Dangrek Mountain Range, Prasat Preah Vihear (Preah Vihear Temple).

King Shihanouk created the economic policy and strategy to push the development throughout the country. One strategy was to build the strong human resource and good environment for learning. Good educational system was seen in this period with the effort of Cambodian student’s self-learning. Also, overseas scholarship was available for best students to further their education, especially scholarship to study in France. Since then, many Khmer scholars in that era were so strong and skillful with their specialty. For example, doctors and architects were so talent to bring the best service for her people and country. Patients were cured very effectively by doctors since they got profound knowledge related to medical and health issue, especially with good morality. Architects were similar to the doctors and built giant modern architecture and building followed the good standard with air system and tidiness. Most of those architecture and building are still in used till today like flat in Phnom Penh & Battambang, Olympic stadium, building along Preah Monivong Boulevards (called Business road in Phnom Penh), etc. Plan of Phnom Penh capital today was developed by these Khmer architects in that era and became well-known as Pearl City in South East Asia in 1950s & 1960s. They designed very good plan for this city tidily and beautifully. Besides this, Khmer Architect also used his strong capacity in overseas construction like Singapore airport.

King Shihanouk also developed the light and heavy industry everywhere in the kingdom. Many factories and business centers could be found in Phnom Penh, Battambang, Kompot, Shihanoukville, Kandal, Kompong Cham, Pursat, Kompong Thom, Kratie, Kompong Speu, Siem Reap, Kompong Chhnang, and so on. Most factories were owned by state, but the government allowed the foreign company to invest like searching for oil in the sea of Cambodia around 90,000 square kilometers, running the garment factory and other industrial activities… Foreign companies could also invest in other private sector like airline, bank, restaurant, hotel, etc. Sometimes, government and private companies joined to run the factory and other services. It should be noticed that Cambodia at this stage could build vehicles and produce more industrial food to use within the country and export to neighbor countries.

Furthermore, the rich natural resources of the country under the leadership King Shihanouk brought the kingdom to be the famous and good destination for both foreign investment and tourism. Fish production in Boeung Tonle Sap (Great Lake) was 10 tons per square kilometers, the most famous non-salty fisheries in the world. Forest covered the country over 73% of total land size. Khmer people served in the airline service dressing the good professional cloth to welcome all guest locally and internationally. Ports of Shihanoukville and Phnom Penh were very busy with the import & export activities. The well-known partner for economic cooperation was France. Specifically, King Shihanouk considered the water irrigation system as the most effective way to better the agricultural activities with high production capacity. Another point for the best achievement of Sangkum Reastr Niyum regime was the strong cooperation with foreign country for both political and economic purposes. However, this achievement got an ending gradually since the end of 1969 until the early 1970 because of involvement and support of Cambodia for Viet Cong Troops (North Vietnam) in Vietnam War with the United States. “Good economic policy! Good leadership! Bring your country to the better world!” “Do not take other issues to yourself easily without considering the effects on you and your community!” “Let's learn the best techniques in achieving great economic growth along with the solidarity of our nation in 1950s & 1960s!”

By: POK Panhavuth

Perspective on Khmer Republic (1970-1975)

Flag of Khmer Republic Regime

After getting independence fully from France on November 9^th, 1953, Cambodia was on the right track towards the modern economic development as the first fast growing economy in South East Asia region in 1950s and 1960s along with her capital known as Pearl City in South East Asia. However, on March 18^th, 1970 new regime known as Khmer Republic started under the rule of General LON Nol. There are several reasons for the very famous era of Sangkum Reastr Niyum to be finished. First, the existence of millions Viet Cong troops in the country caused General LON Nol to do the coup d’état. Since the ties between Cambodia and China had been strengthened in 1956, Cambodia seemed to be under China’s political influence rather than the United States since there had been no support from the United States for early 1950s independence campaign of Cambodia. Then from year to year Cambodia tended to be influenced by Communism rather than democracy while Cambodia claimed for neutrality. Simultaneously, China and Vietnam were so close together during that time for China would get control on Paracel Island if he gave support to North Vietnam, so China persuaded Cambodia to allow the flow of North Vietnamese troops and workers into Cambodia through Ho Chi Minh trail to liberate the South Vietnam from the influence of the United States. More and more North Vietnamese troops known as Viet Cong or Yiek Cong got into Cambodia from the end 1950s till the early 1970s that millions of Viet Cong people and army staying through out Cambodia. That’s why the United States decided to drop millions of bombs along Cambodia-Vietnam border from the early 1960s until early 1970s to keep the South Vietnam government alive caused to injure and kill nearly one million Khmer people and most villages were damaged completely in some provinces such as Rattanakiri, Mondulkiri, Kratie, Kampong Cham, Phnom Penh, Kandal, Svay Rieng (the most serious one), Prey Veng, Takeo, and Kampot. General LON Nol saw the bad situation to go on if the existence of Viet Cong was still in Cambodia, so General LON Nol tried to find the way to push Viet Cong out of the country without King NORODOM Shihanouk who denied returning to Cambodia quickly as the proposal from him to solve the problem of Viet Cong’s existence. Second, the rumor on King NORODOM Shihanouk’s black list of powerful government officials related to corruption to be killed was spread, so most powerful government officials were so concerned and went to discuss with General LON Nol to do something else, but they met LON Non, younger brother of LON Nol. LON Non seemed to be the most mistaken person related to 1970 coup d’état since he was the one to convey wrong information to General LON Nol and Prince SISOWATH Sirimatak. His brother asked him about Prince Sirimatak’s decision related to coup d’etat and he answered “agree” instead of prince while he had not decided yet. Also, he answered “agree” instead of his brother to Prince Sirimatak. This happened a day before March 18^th, 1970 coup. An eyewitness for this event is Prof. ROS Chantrabotr who survived until today. Finally, another reason is the serious economic downturn in the late 1960s caused by most rice and other products were used to support Viet Cong instead of export and no money was received back on total price since North Vietnam used trick to excuse paying back to Cambodia. The suffering also brought Cambodia to against the Viet Cong inside the country along the need for new regime to reform economic development strategy.

New regime began as the vote to withdraw the confidentiality on King NORODOM Shihanouk was conducted on March 18^th, 1970. Finally, he was withdrawn the confidentiality from the public and General LON Nol became a president of Khmer Republic, but later he got serious disease not allow him to move his body. As the first step for reforms, Cambodia reinforced the tie with the United States to force out Viet Cong troops. The United States had more chance to drop thousand tons of bombs (B-59) on the border territory of Cambodia. However, this tie was not helpful to Cambodia since the United States had negotiated with North Vietnam to withdraw his troops back since 1972. No protection from the United States longer for Khmer Republic, the troops of Khmer Rouge increasing quickly fought with Khmer Republic army and gained control on most of Cambodia’s territory in 1973, especially rural areas. It should be noticed that the reason for the strength of Khmer Rouge was because of the fake kindness to local people during fighting and the attraction of young men based on the fame of King NORODOM Shihanouk. Khmer Republic still wanted to reform her economic condition and asked to join Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in order to get help in controlling Khmer Rouge troops and reinstalled back her strong economy, but Thailand strongly disagreed for the ASEAN membership approval. Then more and more territories became under Khmer Rouge troops in which in the end 1974 until early 1975 these troops surrounded Phnom Penh and other main municipalities like Battambang, Shihanoukville, Siem Reap, and so on in order to the stop the flow of supplies like weapons, food, and other materials for Khmer Republic side. They fought and used trick to weaken the strong will of Khmer Republic army. The United States embassy withdraw by bringing Khmer embassy officials to U.S. without letting them know for leave, just to travel. Also, General LON Nol and his own family were brought out of Cambodia without know the real reason to travel, but just knew it was for short visit and would come back. Finally, on April 17^th, 1975, Khmer Rouge army completely overcame Khmer Republic military in Phnom Penh and other main municipalities. Then Khmer Rouge forced people to leave their house immediately to countryside. While Khmer Rouge pushed people out of all cities, especially Phnom Penh, millions of Khmer Republic officials including members of Kanseng Sar special troops were killed gradually through out Cambodia next 3 years 8 months 20 days along with millions death of teachers, students, businessmen and businesswomen, royal families, doctors, artists, other highly skillful people, etc. “Review the reality around before taking decisions!” “Be strong enough before helping others!” “Do not trust others so easily! No one is your true friend except your own community!” “Do not just listen to your nearer one, but think of what is the right thing to do in such situation!” “The internal solidarity is the right track towards the better situation!”

By: POK Panhavuth

Patriotic Songs in Khmer Republic

Videos about Khmer Republic (1970 - 1975)

Khmer Krom People Living in Kampuchea Krom Territory (South Vietnam) Today under Pressure

Today Khmer people is recognized worldwide as the nation with own territory in the Indochina Peninsular bordering with Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Mostly, the rich culture of Khmer nations usually gets along with the fame of Khmer People. However, millions of Khmers living around Cambodia in bordering countries is not being fully recognized worldwide since the limitation of mass media about them. One group of those Khmers, Khmer Krom people is the worst group to be known since many constraints from Vietnam’s government on the publicity to the world of this separated group from Khmer nation in Cambodia. It should be noticed that the whole territory of Kampuchea Krom covers the all Mekong River’s delta and most of plateau territory along Cambodia border. However, most Khmer Krom people live only throughout the delta of Mekong River. According to the informal statistics, there are around 8 million of Khmer Krom people living there, but they are exactly under pressure in learning their language, Khmer Language. As the evidence showing the constraints from the government of Vietnam, Khmer Krom people recently have been being under the restriction on learning Khmer language and her history. Vietnam’s authority commanded for all pagodas in Kampuchea Krom (South Vietnam) to transfer all ancient things and Khmer Literature materials belonged to Khmer empire for thousand years to put in each provincial center’s museum. It sounds strange why the government of Vietnam trying to do so since all the materials are necessarily in used by all Khmer Krom citizens to learn Khmer Literature. Since then, many associations of Khmer Krom people are taking action to give the Vietnamese Embassy in Phnom Penh the letter of opposition on new regulations from Vietnam’s government on Khmer Krom pagodas. Hopefully, Vietnam’s government does not ignore the situation. As the word of Vietnamese Embassy spokesman, Le Minh Ngoc, said Vietnam’s government usually granted the full right to all ethnic groups living in his country to live, Khmer Krom people should be reconsidered by his government to exactly grant the full freedom in living with the opportunity to protect their own language and culture in what is called the territory under Vietnamese control since 1949. It has not been just the recent issue of new regulation on Khmer Krom pagoda, but the pressure is put on Khmer Krom people for long time in learning her language and protecting her rich culture left from Angkor Empire of Khmer Nation. Khmer Krom people were not allowed to learn Khmer Language publicly, except in the pagoda. Therefore, if documents on Khmer Literature in the pagodas were brought to the provincial museum, what kind of materials for Khmer Krom people to learn Khmer. If Vietnam government wants to show all this ancient documents of Khmer to all tourists, Vietnam authority should allow Khmer Krom to put all documents in the pagoda publicly shown instead and let Khmer people there to print it as the books and to import more Khmer Language document from Cambodia. It will make sense that full freedom for living with traditional culture and language to ethnic groups is publicly guaranteed by the government of Vietnam. “To show your dignity and human right respect on others, let's give full freedom to them for what they want ethically with no harm to you!”

By: POK Panhavuth

The Heart of Khmer Krom, Sung by SIM Touch in the Interview with Host HUY Meas

៥ យ៉ាង ដុសខាត់ខួរក្បាល ឲ្យស្រឡះល្អ

Thursday, 18 August 2011 15:02 ប្រែសម្រួលដោយៈ ហង់ ច័ន្ទសុបញ្ញា

វាមិនមែនជារឿងប្លែកអ្វីឡើយ ដែលបុរសនារី សម័យកុំព្យូទ័រនេះ បែរមកចាប់អារម្មណ៏ បញ្ហាសុខភាពកាន់តែច្រើនឡើងៗ ជាពិសេស ការហាត់ប្រាណ ដែលធ្វើឲ្យសុខភាពរឹងមាំ ។

បើអ្នកមានអាការតឹងតែង ក្នុងខួរក្បាល ឬ គិតអ្វីមិនចេញ ចូរអ្នកសាកល្បងប្រើវិធី ៥យ៉ាង ដើម្បី ជួយដុសខាត់ខួរក្បាល របស់អ្នកឲ្យស្រស់ថ្លា ។

១. ផឹកទឹកស្អាត ដើម្បីឲ្យស្រឡះល្អ 

ពេលណាយើងមានអារម្មណ៏តឹងតែង ចូរសាកល្បងរកកែវទឹកធំៗ ឬ ដបទឹកដាក់ប្រចាំនៅលើតុ ហើយកុំភ្លេចផឹកម្តងបន្តិចៗ ចន្លោះពេលថ្ងៃ ឲ្យជាប់ជាប្រចាំ។ វិធីនេះវានឹងជួយដាស់ឲ្យអារម្មណ៏ និងរាងកាយអ្នក ភ្ញាក់ខ្លួនរហូត ព្រោះទឹកជួយសម្រួល សារធាតុគីមីដ៏សំខាន់នៅ ក្នុងខួរក្បាល និងប្រព័ន្ធប្រសាទ ។

២. គូរ ឬសរសេរ ជួយសំលៀងខួរក្បាល

ត្រូវរកប៊ិច និងក្រដាស់មួយសន្លឹកមក រួចហើយសរសេរក្រវេមក្រវាម ឬ សរសេរអ្វីក៏បាន ត្រូវ សរសេរដោយដៃ ទាំងសងខាងព្រមគ្នា ។ អក្សរដែលសរសេរនោះ អាចមើលមានលក្ខណៈប្លែក ប៉ុន្តែវាជាវិធីល្អ ចំពោះប្រព័ន្ធខួរក្បាល ដោយធ្វើឲ្យខួរក្បាល ទាំងពីរផ្នែកធ្វើការព្រមគ្នា ជួយបង្កើនប្រសិទ្ធភាព ក្នុងការចងចាំ និងធ្វើឲ្យមានភាពស្ទាត់ជំនាញ ខាងផ្នែកប្រកបពាក្យ និងគណនាបានលឿនទៀតផង ។

៣. ពង្រឹងភាពជាក្រុមទៅឲ្យខួរក្បាល

ត្រូវហាត់សរសេរលេខ ៨ ក្នុងខ្យល់ នោះអ្នកអាចសរសេរដោយម្រាមដៃ ឬដោយក្រសែរភ្នែកក៏ បាន ។ ចាប់ផ្តើមសរសេរបីផ្នែក ខាងឆ្វេងនៃលេខ៨ បត់កោងពីខាងលើចុះមក កាត់ចំពាក់កណ្តាលនៃតួលេខ បត់ទៅខាងស្តាំ ម្តងនេះបត់កោងវិលឆ្វេង ទៅរកពាក់កណ្តាល រួចបត់កោងស្តាំទៅចំចំណុចចាប់ផ្តើម ក៏បានលេខ ៨ល្មម ។ ធ្វើដូច្នេះដដែលៗ ឲ្យបាន ៥ដង ហើយធ្វើឆ្លាស់ មកម្រាមដៃម្ខាងទៀត ។  វិធីនេះ វានឹងជួយឲ្យមានប្រសិទ្ធភាព ក្នុងការអាន និងការយល់បានកាន់តែប្រសើរឡើង ព្រោះការផ្សារ ភ្ជាប់ការងារបស់ខួរក្បាលផ្នែកខាងឆ្វេង និងខួរក្បាលផ្នែកខាងស្តាំ ឲ្យវាមានទំនាក់ទំនងគ្នាល្អ ។

៤. ម៉ាស្សាស្លឹកត្រចៀក ជំរុញការយល់

អង្គុយឲ្យស្រួល រួចយកចុងម្រាមដៃទាំងសងខាង ប៉ះត្រង់ស្លឹកត្រចៀក បន្ទាប់មកត្រូវច្របាច់ ម៉ាស្សា និងលាស្នាមបត់ នៃស្លឹកត្រចៀកទាំងសងខាងចេញ ។ ត្រូវរំកិលម្រាមដៃ ចុះមកម៉ាស្សាត្រង់ កន្លែងផ្សេងៗ នៃស្លឹកត្រចៀក ទាញវាតិចៗ ពេលមកដល់ទងត្រចៀក ត្រូវទាញវាចុះ ធ្វើបែបនេះដដែលៗឲ្យបាន ២ដង ។  វិធីនេះ វាជួយជំរុញការឮ និងធ្វើឲ្យការយល់ កាន់តែប្រសើរឡើង ព្រោះវាជាការរំសាយ សសៃប្រសាទត្រង់បរិវេណ ស្លឹកត្រចៀក ដែលតភ្ជាប់នឹងខួរក្បាល ។ ក្រៅពីនេះ ការដែលឆ្អឹងថ្គាម និងអណ្តាតបានរសាយ វាថែមទាំងជួយ ឲ្យការនិយាយរបស់យើង បានច្បាស់រអិលតែម្តង ។

៥. ម៉ាស្សាចំណុចភ្ជាប់ខួរក្បាល

ដាក់ដៃម្ខាងលើផ្ចិត ចំណែកដៃម្ខាងទៀត ត្រូវប្រើមេដៃ និងម្រាមដៃចង្អុល ដាក់ពីលើឆ្អឹងទ្រូង ក្រោមបរិវេណក្រោមឆ្អឹងដងកាំបិត ដោយម៉ាស្សាកន្លែងទាំង ២នេះសន្សឹមៗ ឲ្យបានប្រហែល ជា១០វិនាទី ។  វិធីនេះ វាអាចជួយកាត់បន្ថយភាពភាំងៗ ឬភាពច្របូកច្របល់ ជួយជំរុញថាមពល និងជួយធ្វើឲ្យមានគំនិត ជ្រះស្រឡះថ្លាល្អ ។

ប្រសិនបើពេលណា អ្នកមានអារម្មណ៏ល្ហិតល្ហៃ ដោយសារតែការអានសៀវភៅ សម្រាប់ប្រលងច្រើនពេក


ឬតប់ប្រមល់ការតឹង ក្នុងអារម្មណ៏ ដោយសារតែការធ្វើការ ច្រើនពេញមួយថ្ងៃ ចូរអ្នកសាកល្បង 


រកពេលវេលាសម្រាប់ខ្លួនឯង ឲ្យបាន១០នាទី ទៅ ២០នាទីដើម្បី ដុសខាត់ខួរក្បាលឲ្យស្រឡះ 


ព្រោះវាជួយឲ្យខួរក្បាលភ្លឺថ្លា ហើយនោះថែមទំាំងជួយរំសាយអារម្មណ៏ តានតឹងខាង ផ្លូវចិត្តបានប្រសើរទៀតផង។


(ដកស្រង់ចេញពីhttp://dap-news.com/2011-06-14-02-43-39.html)

Top Ten Largest Cities in Cambodia

Written by: POK Panhavuth

The fast City development in Cambodia was seen since the Angkor Era with the greatest infrastructures such water irrigation system, city road, national road, big stone temples, golden royal palace, and many more. Modern cities in this country appear since the French colonial with proper plan for all city development, especially Phnom Penh and Battambang City. These kinds of development were also seen in Preah Norodom Shinanouk. Similarly, nowadays some cities in Cambodia are listed as the largest cities locally in 2008 as the following¹:


First largest city: Phnom Penh Capital has the population of 2,234,566 citizens


Second largest city: Battambang City of Battambang Province has the population of 250,000 citizens


Third largest city: Siem Reap City of Siem Reap Province has the population of 171,800 citizens


Fourth largest city: Preah Shihanouk City of Preah Shihanouk Province has the population of 132,000 citizens


Fifth largest city: Poi Pet City of Banteay Meanchey Province has the population of 89,549 citizens


Sixth largest city: Prey Veng City of Prey Veng Province has the population of 74,000 citizens


Seventh largest city: Kompong Cham City of Kompong Cham Province has the population of 63,770 citizens


Eighth largest city: Sisophon City of Banteay Meanchey Province has the population of 61,631 citizens


Ninth largest city: Ta Khmau City of Kandal Province has the population of 58,264 citizens


Tenth largest city: Pursat City of Pursat Province has the population of 54,000 citizens


" Population is so important for each country, so growth of population should be along with the good welfare brought by her government!"

Footnote

¹National Population Census in 2008

Reference

Wikipedia’s website: http//:en.wikipedia.org, Topic on “Cambodia” (Table of Largest Cities in Cambodia!)

Knowledge from Seminar on “How to Get the Most of University Education”

Guest Speaker: Prof. Katherine Marshall

Place: University of Cambodia, Phnom Penh

This seminar was conducted at UC Conference Center on August 2, 2011 from 5:30 pm to 7:30pm with Prof. Katherine Mashall as the guest Speaker. There were many UC university students and professors to attend this seminar and its outcome was very successful. From this seminar, both university students and professors at the University of Cambodia got profound knowledge about university education as well as the improvement for study life. Learning is eternal for all scholars, so the idea for the improvement is necessarily for all of them.

As a participant in this seminar, ideas learnt from Prof. Katherine Mashall as well as other university students was known to me and I will share this profound knowledge to everyone today! Before getting to the ideas from Prof. Katherine Marshall’s perspective, the important note to be remembered for this topic is “Work Hard! Work Smart! Keep Love to Learn!”. In fact, all the ideas from Prof. Katherine Marshall for how to get the most of university education are raised down here!

There are ten main ideas from Prof. Katherine Mashall for everyone to consider:

First, know how you learn clearly and set the right way to get success in your study at university. You should be aware that different people have different learning style, so don’t be upset for your unique way to learn compare to other best students’, but you should observe the best study skills from those students, superiors, and professors and reflect back on your own to practice with your full responsibility for success in your university education.

Second idea is time management. Since time is moving, not standing still, all of you should take action to do this for self success as soon as possible. The early step of time management is self-awareness for how you spend your time. For each of your activity per day, how much time do you spend on each one? Be sure to alert for your spending time and be cautious to avoid taking much time on unnecessary things. More importantly, you should know when your productive time is and keep that duration for your learning to go smoothly. Another step in time management is learning to value time. Time that is gone will never return to you! One day you spend on useless activity should be eliminated as soon as you can! Remember “Time is money!” Keep in your mind that time is valuable and expensive than everything in this world since you cannot turn it back to you even though you have a lot of money, so spend your valuable time carefully on your study. The final step is setting clear objectives as well as your life goals for both short-term and long-term plan. Do not forget to ask yourself what importance for your life is and what make you special in these days. To think and keep your objectives and goals in long-term memory, you should think in the quiet place and write down all your goals for next 5 years or more years towards future the same as the importance to be done now or tomorrow. With your clear objectives and goals, break all important actions to be achieved daily or weekly. At least once a week, you should do the time sheet schedule for the next 7 days. Weekly schedule is the most effective way to do time management and you will have specific things to do for the whole week. By doing this, it is believed that you can save much time and your spending time is being used for useful things link to your objectives and goals. If you can, do the daily schedule to manage your time more easily!

The third idea is to think about “People”. Find out what kind of people around you can help you to succeed in your university life. In fact, those people are all people surrounding you at your university. The main people can develop your knowledge quickly are all your professors. They have a lot of experience in both learning and teaching; you should communicate with them politely and friendly in order to learn from their experiences to modify on your study at university. Your professors can guide you more than the books could towards your university success! Another people to learn from is all your classmates as well as university seniors. You should consult with them towards your problems in study, especially your university seniors. They experienced more than you, so you should listen carefully to what they say and reconsider on which advices you can practice for your own success. Furthermore, you should study in group with your classmates to share ideas, to test your ideas, and to know how somebody else thinks.

Fourth key idea is to learn from role model in the society and famous people in the world you admired in life. I know that you will know what is special about your favorite person? Therefore, only thing for you to do is to do the research on how they achieve their best legacy or how they take the responsibility for their study and work. Also, you should seek their profound concepts and learn from their mistakes in life to reinforce your study; for example, like Confucius concepts, Kakvey Krom Ngoy (Khmer Educational Poem Author), Helen Keller’s concepts, Martin Luther King’s concepts, and so on. Do the analysis on their concepts carefully; you will gain profound ideas for your study towards the great achievement!

Fifth idea is to be the solution, not a problem. This means that born as a human-being, you should think before you speak. Every where university life is the difficult thing to deal with, but you should be patient and serious. You should do what your lecturers ask you to do first before doing complaint to create problems within your class. Try to find the best way to adapt yourself with the study works. Remember to contribute your best efforts to your study at the university and act as the solution to cover all problems occurred within your university courses.

Sixth idea is your own characteristics towards success. You should think about your own behavior and attitude whether they are useful to complete your university achievement or not. If not, do your best to change for the strong one! Whatever your characteristics is, develop yours for struggling towards your success. You should taste all the difficulty at your university and take adventure for every thing occurring within your university. Then learn from those adventures as soon as possible as the step to put your own responsibility on your study completely.

Seventh idea is being able to communicate with a variety of people. University education requires you all to experience different kind of people. Two things needed to do carefully is speaking and writing. Speak is the way to interact directly with other people surrounding you, so you should learn the best technique to speak politely and friendly. The better your speech is, the better communication you get! Also, writing could help you to convey your information to others formally to follow the rule of English grammar and writing skills. You should enable your capacity in these factors to make sure that you can write the message as well as articles excellently. At the university, study is competitive between you and other students; only excellent writing and speaking could make you the golden egg among other university students.

Eighth idea is to do a clear presentation and strong public speaking. During the university education, presentation is the common thing for all students to experience. It is sure that for your first presentation, you will not feel familiar with it. However, you should reinforce your presentation skill as soon as possible to succeed in your study. Also, presentation could allow you to share your own ideas and opinions on specific topic in order to make sure others agree with you. If there is an opportunity to do public speaking, you will gain more chance to get success. Speak more and more in public, especially during the seminars or special programs will help to get ideas and feed back from your colleagues and professors. In getting feedback or criticism, you should be patient to listen and accept for all of it whether it is positive or negative. Then do the analysis how feedback and criticism could help you to develop your presentation skill as well as public speaking skill better. Remember “learning from mistakes is the best way to reach your goals successfully!”

Ninth idea is to develop a sense of question and be open-minded to learn from every body. It is very important to listen to your instructors as well as your classmates attentively. Then you should question in your mind why it is in that way and ask quickly to get the clarification from them to make you more understanding why! Sometimes, answer does not satisfy you, so you could share your ideas to debate and if majority agree with them logically, you should accept it.

The final idea is to develop honesty and integrity in your university life. Real honesty and integrity from you all create the friendly and happy environment in learning at university and encourage yourself as well as your classmates to love learning. It is hard to develop these factors if you do not get it from birth, but you should make yourself familiar with it in order to go along with the university education happily. You should not cheat during the class examination and be just & fair towards everyone at your university. Remember not to show your name or face in the criminal case on famous newspaper like Phnom Penh Post or New York Times. To make everything consistent during your university degree, you have to show everyone all your goodness, great achievement, and admiration getting from them for your own work. Only thing to do is to develop profound knowledge as well as practical skills to express who you are!

During the Q & A session, many good questions were raised by UC students as well as professor; and the answer from Prof. Katherine Marshall is really good to listen. However, in here I would like to do the summary on the main ideas getting from this last session.

How can we seek our productive time for study?

The short answer is to study how you learn and observe what time is the most comfortable one for you to study quickly with sharp brain.

How can we improve reading skills to push our study at the university?

You should find what you enjoy to read first and then force yourself to study important part of your courses. More importantly, you should avoid online reading since it is not suitable for you to do the concentration in reading; and you should encourage yourself to read more by telling yourself that this is very important; you cannot put it away like that!

How can we do to be a solution?

It is depend on personal choice whether to be complainer or actor. However, to be a solution, you should learn to be positive on thing in front of you. Just do it until finish! If you cannot complete, just ask the way to go on.

How can we eliminate our procrastination in our study?

Simply, procrastination occurs when you do not want to do or to write. For example, long paper needed to be written, but you usually procrastinate, right! Therefore, you should start now to take a piece of paper to write (at least you start!). Remember “Take a start through your own way to start your work!”

Is it good to diversify our goals?

Yes, it is. One straight goal is hard to achieve and our lives is changing. Therefore, multi-goals are common to majority around the world. What you can do is to balance your goals and judge things could be done to achieve those goals right now. Your goal achievement is based on the current opportunity for you to catch up!

By: POK Panhavuth